The Success of Multiculturalism in Australia Compared to Other Parts Essay

The Success of Multiculturalism in Australia Compared to Other Parts of the World - Essay Example How well it has actually implemented in to the society is what this research plans to emphasize. In 2001, one would have that the country of Australia was a very welcoming country towards other ideas and beliefs. After all the National Olympics were held there in that year and during that whole time there was a great air of friendliness towards the large majority of ethnicities that had travelled to Australia from all around the world. One person would not have picked up on any bitterness or resentments towards other races at all. However, now in 2006 it seems those feelings have changed somewhat and there has been tension developing in the country concerning the idea of multiculturalism in its entirety (Suter 2001). Not only is this an issue, but the idea has developed that the country should offer sanctuary to refugee's seeking asylum from other parts of the globe has become a concern as well. There are a lot of Australians that are very up tight about this and aren't as welcoming of the concept as it was anticipated they would be. One such example is in the idea that Australia should provide refuge for Afghanian's wanting entrance to its borders in order to seek protection from violence and terrorism in their own country. The Australian Prime Minister has not been too fond of this thought concept and initially denied permission for one ship to land on a part of the country's territory close to the borders of Indonesia (Suter 2001). Some of the feelings of why Australia is against such an idea are the fact that they have heavy concerns of invasion from other countries. It has been found that the Parliament of Australia itself believes that once they start allowing activities such as this to take place, more and more foreigners will expect the same type of treatment and before anything would even have a chance to be implemented to prevent this from happening, the whole cou ntry would be enveloped in a tide of other multicultural people from around the world, many of whom would only be coming there for refuge. Suter (2001) details in his article that the Australians fear of invasion runs deep, and can be traced all the way back to the period of the First World War. Also, they have a fear that the Island of Australia itself will eventually become overcrowded and burdened if there is an extensive amount of foreigners continuously coming in for refugee. These are some of the most logical reasons why there is such negativity by the Austrians towards this concept of wholly allowing for multiculturalism to become a constant part of the Island. What some people around the world aren't aware of are the various policies that encircle the country of Australia. Australia was developed through an idea of imperialism and meant for only white settlers. In fact in 1901 there were many strict policy enactments that prevented any one who was non-white from being able t o enter through the Austrian border. Of course times have changed now but there is still a small part of these ideals left within the country and the people of Australia itsel

Causes and Solutions for Hurricanes

Causes and Solutions for Hurricanes In the south Pacific they are called cyclones. In the northern Pacific Ocean they are called typhoons. In the Atlantic Ocean areas they are called hurricanes. One thing is for certain in regard to these phenomenon, they can all be extremely dangerous. The only major difference between all of them is the locations in which they occur. For the purposes of this paper we will refer to the phenomena as hurricanes. The seasons for tropical cyclones vary depending on their location on Earth. Most tropical cyclones form between May to October but in the pacific there have been storms form as early as January. Hurricanes are some of the most powerful weather events on the planet. They can cause millions of dollars in property damage and have the potential to cause the loss of human life on a large scale. These monstrosities, especially in the Atlantic Ocean, can grow to enormous proportions and cover many square miles. These storms usually forms in the tropical regions of an ocean hence the name tropical cyclone. They are fast rotating systems that arecharacterized by low pressure centers, strong winds, and a spiral storms that produce heavy rains. They can produce winds in excess of 155 miles per hour and have been recorded gusting as high as 210 mph. Hurricanes require large bodies of warm water in order to form. There are seven different categories for â€Å"hurricanes.† The first category is a tropical depression in which winds are less than 40 miles per hour and there is no formed â€Å"eye† of the storm. They also usually lack the spiral shape of stronger storms, howeve r, they are still low pressure systems at this point. The next category is a tropical storm in which winds range from 40 mph to 73 mph. It is at this point when the storm begins to form its spiral shape and winds begin to move in a cyclonic motion. In a few instances the storm has actually formed an eye, although it is usually not very pronounced or developed. The next category is the first stage where a tropical cyclone officially becomes a hurricane or full tropical cyclone. The Saffir-Simpson scale is what is used to determine which one of the following categories a full hurricane falls into. The first is known as a category 1 storm where winds range from 74 mph to 95 mph and the winds can cause slight damage to well built homes and will likely cause power outages due to branches falling on power lines. Category 2 hurricanes have sustained wind speeds from 96 mph to 110 mph. In this category even well-built structures will sustained heavy roof damage as well as possible structura l damage. Power loss is almost certain to happen and stay out for days. Category 3 storms are the beginning of what are considered major hurricanes, meaning cyclones that are capable of causing massive damage and high loss of life. They have sustained winds from 111 mph to 129 mph. This is when many trees begin to snap and have the potential to turn into flying debris which can cause a large amount of damage to many of the buildings and windows. A category 4 storm has winds from 130 mph to 156 mph and will cause major damage such as total destruction of a building’s roof and possible full structural collapse. Large loss of life is expected during a storm as powerful as this. The final and most powerful classification of tropical cyclone is a category 5. These monstrosities have winds 157 mph and stronger. Damage should be expected to be widespread and utterly catastrophic. Power lines and other utilities are usually knocked out for weeks on end. This makes many rural areas un inhabitable for a decent amount of time. One of the most powerful storms ever recorded at landfall was Typhoon Haiyan which topped out at over 195 mph. This storm occurred in the Pacific Ocean near the Philippines. The loss of life was enormous killing almost 6300 people in the Philippines alone and as of 2014 they are still finding bodies. Another very powerful category 5 hurricane was Hurricane Andrew which made landfall in Florida as a category 5 and caused over 26 billion dollars in damage. One thing is for sure and that is that a tropical cyclone no matter what the category has the potential to cause major damage and can also cause loss of life. Many people do not heed the warnings when a â€Å"smaller† storm is approaching and they get caught in the path and ultimately lose their lives because of it. This is unfortunate, however, actions can be taken to prevent such things from happening. In recent years research has shown that with the warming of the earth tropical cyclones have started to produce more rainfall. In the past 100 years it has been determined that the warmer climate will produce an increase of 8% more water vapor for every 1 degree Celsius the temperature increases. More rainfall means a higher potential for flash flooding once the cyclone makes landfall which means more property damage as well as higher risk for loss of life Cyclone Ita is the most powerful storm to form in the southern Pacific Ocean in three years. The storm began around the Solomon Islands as a tropical depression on April 1st. It finally reached cyclone strength four days later. On the 10th it quickly gained strength to a category 5. It made landfall in the Cooktown/ Cape Flattery area in Queensland Australia on April 12th at 2200 (local time) as a category 4 storm. Upon Ita’s landfall the storm weakened very fast down to a category 1 storm. There was over $1 billion dollars in damage. One building was destroyed and 4 buildings were severely damaged in Cooktown. The damage also included large tracts of sugar cane and a banana plantation was completely destroyed. Cyclone Ita then began to move southeast maintaining gale-force winds the storm accelerated, eventually moving back to the ocean just north of a town called Mackay which is also in Queensland on April 13th. After it moved off of the land and back to the waters off the c oast it began to gain strength again as it combined with a low pressure system near New Zealand. It made landfall in New Zealand on the 17th of April and the inner eye wall collapsed which helped to dissipate the storm. The storm brought heavy rainfall and strong winds to the coast before finally destabilizing. The mitigation efforts taken by each area affected have their similarities as well as some differences. As the storm approached the Solomon Islands the authorities issued severe flood warnings along with cyclone watches. Many facilities in the area prepared for the worst by having backup plans in the event they were required to evacuate. The national hospital actually had to move over 500 patients to other areas due to the flooding that occurred. In Papua New Guinea, the National Weather Service issued tropical cyclone warnings for all island communities. It was decided that all schools and businesses were to remain closed for several days in Milne Bay and many of the residents were encouraged to stay safe indoors. Flooding did occur in this area as well and there was a bridge that was washed away. If the authorities had not issued the warnings to stay indoors and off the roads there may have been many more casualties. In Australia, the authorities issued cyclone warnings to all affe cted areas in an effort to minimize casualties since the storm was expected to be very strong at landfall. Due to the effectiveness of the pre-mitigation efforts there was minimal casualties. In the aftermath of this and other tropical cyclone events the best way to deal with all of the issues that arise is to have a well-known plan for emergency services as well as power companies. Hospitals should be prepared to receive many casualties like in the event mentioned earlier in the Solomon Islands. Emergency workers such as fire fighters and medical personnel must be available to Works Cited Hurricanes, Typhoons, Cyclones | UCAR University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Hurricanes, Typhoons, Cyclones | UCAR University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 May 2014. Keegan, Bianca. Douglas and Cairns Shires on Tropical Cyclone Ita Alert as Storm Deluge Looms. CairnsPost. N.p., 10 Apr. 2014. Web. 08 May 2014. National Weather Service. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office. Andrew. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 May 2014. National Weather Service. Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 May 2014. Queensland Surveys Cyclone Ita Harm. BBC News. N.p., 12 Apr. 2014. Web. 08 May 2014. Tropical Cyclone Ita. Weather Forecast Reports. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 May 2014. Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda). U.S. Agency for International Development. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 May 2014.

Orwell’s Totalitarian Government in 1984 Essay -- Literary Analysis

George Orwell’s key objective throughout his novel, 1984, was to convey to his readers the imminent threat of the severe danger that totalitarianism could mean for the world. Orwell takes great measures to display the horrifying effects that come along with complete and dominant control that actually comes along with totalitarian government. In Orwell’s novel, personal liberties and individual freedoms that are protected and granted to many Americans today, are taken away and ripped from the citizen’s lives. The government takes away freedom and rights from the people so that the ruling class (which makes up the government), while reign with complete supremacy and possess all power. George Orwell declared himself as a Socialist, and he was a strong believer that people desperately need to maintain a sense of willingness to rebel against the government, in case there is ever need for it (rebellion). Orwell did not fear rebelling and taking a stand for what he believed in. This is evident especially because Orwell wrote this famous novel, that is now classified around the world as must-read literature, to bring awareness to the world, and the potential oppression that could eventually form if things continued in the way they were currently going at the time. Orwell lived in a time when communism was a very clear and present danger that was beginning to be enforced in many parts of the world. During this time, it was believed by many that the central ideas presented by a communist government were ideal for all of society. However, Orwell knew differently. Orwell was able to envision how a seemingly supreme communist government would most definitely come along with the removal of liberties, freedoms, and rights of the people. Or... ...ally become of a world where leaders forced their communist ideas and rules upon all people, and Orwell was brave enough to point out what was inevitable to happen. Works Cited 1. "The Political Ideas of George Orwell | The Socialist Party of Great Britain." World Socialist Movement. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2012. . 2. Orwell, George. 1984, a novel. New York: New American Library, 1949. Print. 3. Arno, The. "Oscar Wilde - Biography and Works. Search Texts, Read Online. Discuss.." The Literature Network: Online classic literature, poems, and quotes. Essays & Summaries. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 May 2012. . 4. Fuchs, Thomas. A concise biography of Adolf Hitler. Berkley ed. New York: Berkley Books, 2000. Print. Orwell’s Totalitarian Government in 1984 Essay -- Literary Analysis George Orwell’s key objective throughout his novel, 1984, was to convey to his readers the imminent threat of the severe danger that totalitarianism could mean for the world. Orwell takes great measures to display the horrifying effects that come along with complete and dominant control that actually comes along with totalitarian government. In Orwell’s novel, personal liberties and individual freedoms that are protected and granted to many Americans today, are taken away and ripped from the citizen’s lives. The government takes away freedom and rights from the people so that the ruling class (which makes up the government), while reign with complete supremacy and possess all power. George Orwell declared himself as a Socialist, and he was a strong believer that people desperately need to maintain a sense of willingness to rebel against the government, in case there is ever need for it (rebellion). Orwell did not fear rebelling and taking a stand for what he believed in. This is evident especially because Orwell wrote this famous novel, that is now classified around the world as must-read literature, to bring awareness to the world, and the potential oppression that could eventually form if things continued in the way they were currently going at the time. Orwell lived in a time when communism was a very clear and present danger that was beginning to be enforced in many parts of the world. During this time, it was believed by many that the central ideas presented by a communist government were ideal for all of society. However, Orwell knew differently. Orwell was able to envision how a seemingly supreme communist government would most definitely come along with the removal of liberties, freedoms, and rights of the people. Or... ...ally become of a world where leaders forced their communist ideas and rules upon all people, and Orwell was brave enough to point out what was inevitable to happen. Works Cited 1. "The Political Ideas of George Orwell | The Socialist Party of Great Britain." World Socialist Movement. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 May 2012. . 2. Orwell, George. 1984, a novel. New York: New American Library, 1949. Print. 3. Arno, The. "Oscar Wilde - Biography and Works. Search Texts, Read Online. Discuss.." The Literature Network: Online classic literature, poems, and quotes. Essays & Summaries. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 May 2012. . 4. Fuchs, Thomas. A concise biography of Adolf Hitler. Berkley ed. New York: Berkley Books, 2000. Print.

Test Test

1. Chapter 1? The Business and Society Relationship Question TF #1 Business can do just about anything it wants because we do not live in a socially conscious environment. a. True *b. False 2. Chapter 1? The Business and Society Relationship Question TF #2 The business environment in current times, the first decade of the 21st century, can best be described as turbulent. *a. True b. False 3. Chapter 1? The Business and Society Relationship Question TF #3 When speaking of business in the collective sense, the textbook will most often be focusing on big business. *a. True b. False 4. Chapter 1?The Business and Society Relationship Question TF #4 Pluralism is a condition in which there is a concentration of power among society's groups and organizations. a. True *b. False 5. Chapter 1? The Business and Society Relationship Question TF #5 Stakeholders are the owners of shares in a corporation. a. True *b. False 6. Chapter 1? The Business and Society Relationship Question TF #6 Common Cau se and the U. S. Chamber of Commerce are examples of general purpose interest groups. *a. True b. False 7. Chapter 1? The Business and Society Relationship Question TF #7 Business interacts with only a limited number of stakeholder groups. . True *b. False 8. Chapter 1? The Business and Society Relationship Question TF #8 Affluence refers to the level of wealth, disposable income, and standard of living of a society. *a. True b. False 9. Chapter 1? The Business and Society Relationship Question TF #9 The authors of the textbook lay the primary responsibility for business's problems on the media. a. True *b. False 10. Chapter 1? The Business and Society Relationship Question TF #10 The common perception of business power is that there is too little of it to provide a balance with other social institutions. a. True *b. False 11. Chapter 1?The Business and Society Relationship Question TF #11 Power is only manifest when it is used purposefully. a. True *b. False 12. Chapter 1? The Busi ness and Society Relationship Question TF #12 The social contract is the set of rights and duties imposed on citizens by their government. a. True *b. False 13. Chapter 1? The Business and Society Relationship Question TF #13 The social contract in the modern era is changing rapidly and dramatically. *a. True b. False 14. Chapter 1? The Business and Society Relationship Question TF #14 Ethics refers to issues of right and wrong, fairness, and justice. *a. True

Strategic Management Accounting

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING This report will attempt to explain what Strategic Management Accounting (SMA) is, how it developed, why Traditional Management Accounting (TMA) is not sufficient to provide information for strategic decisions and the difference between SMA and TMA. It will further outline some of the essential analytical tools or techniques in SMA such as Activity Based Costing (ABC) and the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). SMA is an extremely broad concept, so in order to give a bird’s eye view of the subject this report mainly focus on comparing SMA to TMA and finally describes the importance and criticisms of SMA.What is Strategic Management Accounting? â€Å"A form of management accounting in which emphasis is placed on information which relates to factors external to the firm, as well as non-financial information and internally generated information. † (CIMA Official Terminology) â€Å"Strategic management accounting is a crucially important activity beca use it is outward-looking. It focuses specifically on the market, hence its common description as market-driven accounting. The main data it produces is on customers, products and competitors.This is softer in form than the hard numbers associated with financial reporting, but it forms a part of the inclusive strategy process that is linked to the pursuit of competitive advantage. † (Roslender and Hart, 2006) As mentioned above, SMA emphasis on information external to the firm, such as information about competitors and customers, and non-financial information such as product quality and customer satisfaction, along with emphasising on firm’s internal factors such as information regarding company’s overheads and management of raw materials.The professional strategic management accountant engages with the organization’s top management team and contributes to strategy development and implementation with the aim of creating customer value and a strong competit ive position for the organisation. The business environment has undergone significant changes due to globalisation and developments in information and production technologies (Burgstahler et al. 2007). Trading on a global stage with exponentially advancement in technology has indirectly and radically ffected the traditional management system. These sudden changes have generated the need for Traditional Management Accounting, which is preoccupied with numbers and accounting measures to shift to the next level, which is to focus on value addition and integration within a company. Strategic Management Accounting VS Traditional Management Accounting The three main limitations of Traditional Management Accounting (TMA) are, first, TMA information was acquired from the existing financial accounting information systems.As a result the focus generally remained on annual periodical targets and internal accounting systems thus failing in providing accurate and holistic information that mirror s the technology, products, and complexity of the operational processes on the one hand and on the other hand failing in integrating these for operating in a highly competitive environment (Baines and Langfield-Smith, 2003). Second, its aggregated form renders it less useful for a manager who wants information to be customised according to the specific managerial needs.Third, the window dressing applied by financial accountants to make it look good to the external users makes it less reliable for managerial decision making. Just as TMA was developed and introduced as a recipe for the shortcomings of the traditional cost accounting textbooks, SMA has, arguably, been launched by the accounting scholars as the new state of the art discipline. It has been claimed that the development of the field of SMA would render the old fashioned TMA extinct as the newer version focuses not only on the internal financial information, but also upon the external aspects of the business operations (Smi th 2005).Simmonds (1981), who is credited with phrasing SMA, differentiates it from TMA on the basis of its greater focus on the comparison of the business with its competitors. Bromwich, (1990) contends that SMA enables the management to have a bird’s eye view of the competitors’ procedure and business techniques business and to take decisions accordingly. In this way a major hallmark of SMA is its inclusion of non-financial aspects for the purpose of decision making. Lords (1996) identifies the following functions which are commonly associated with SMA: 1.Collecting information related to the competitors. 2. Using accounting for strategic decisions. 3. Cutting costs on the basis of strategic decisions. 4. And, gaining competitive advantage through it. Wilson and Chua (1993) tabulate ten key differences between MA and SMA as following: | Traditional MA| Strategic MA| 1| Historical| Prospective| 2| Single entity| Relative| 3| Introspective| Out-ward looking| 4| Manufac turing focus| Competitive focus| 5| Existing activities| Possibilities| 6| Reactive| Proactive| | Programmed| Un-programmed| 8| Data orientation| Information oriented| 9| Based on existing systems| Unconstrained by existing systems| 10| Built on conventions| Ignores conventions| Critics have regularly complained that TMA focuses too much on internal business functions of accounting in order to meet the requirements of the internal managers. Some argues that while special attention is given to the internal affairs of the business sight is lost of the external opportunities and potential business threats.The underlying assumption of this discipline is that it improves upon the traditional management accounting by enlarging its scope and realigning it more tightly with other disciplines such as strategy and marketing. Some of the analytical tools which were developed in the fields of strategy and marketing, which are now considered an essential part of SMA toolbox, are: Attribute Costi ng: In this costing system the attributes of a product are emphasised, including the products features, certain purchase agreements, or after-sale services.The information inspected, however, has to be relevant to current or future competitors. Competitor Cost Assessment: Taking advantage of the increasing trend of readily accessing available information, the competitors’ costs (production, labour, raw materials) are keenly analysed. Bromwich (1990) stresses the need for studying competitor’s costs as understanding them helps in managing a business’s own costs. Competitor Appraisal Based on Financial Statements: It is another effective oncept as it permits comparison and benchmarking, information contained in financial statements can be strategically used with the help of ratio analysis. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC): The BSC was proposed by Kaplan and Norton (1992) in which financial and non-financial measures were integrated for strategic performance management purpose. It aimed to create a balance by linking vision and strategy of the business with multi-dimensional perspective of customers, internal business processes, learning and growth, and financial position.Strategic Costing: A further concept of relevance as costs are broken down to measure them for strategic relevance, such as matching the amount competitors spend on areas such as marketing and pricing. Valuing Customers as Assets: It is a concept that illustrates the importance of a customer or particular group of customers, Guilding and McManus (2002) state that it can be assessed through a method where the present values of estimated profits are discounted from the trading correlation of particular customers.Value Chain Costing: The technique has been developed from value chain analysis proposed by Porter (1985) for gaining competitive advantage. In this analysis all value-creating activities related to the development of a product or service is linked in the form of a chain. Those activities which are vital for adding value are given more importance. Activity Based Costing (ABC): The ABC is a costing system in which manufacturing overhead costs are assigning to products through a cogent approach, as opposed to allocating the costs on the basis of a predetermined rate.It initially assigns costs to an activity that is directly linked to overheads; and subsequently assigns the costs to those products that require the production activities. Disadvantages of Strategic Management Accounting Some argue that Management accountants do not have a set of policies and procedures to follow, as financial accountants follow accounting procedures and principles outlined by IFRS committee or GAAP. Strategic accountants form their own standards and therefore information cannot be compared from company to company as in financial accounting.Another form of criticism is that strategic accountants focus mainly on quantitative information, and quantitative information obtaine d are very rational. The drawback with focusing mainly at rational information is that other relevant and crucial information may be ignored. For example, they might determine a new office should be built at a specific location because wage and taxes are lower; however they might have failed to look at the bigger picture by only focusing on quantitative information.Since there is no standard procedure or principle to follow, strategic accountants add their own personal beliefs and feelings into making decisions. Free of bias is next to impossible but even if there is one, requires individuals that can focus on the entire job at hand and take all factors into consideration. Expensive Conclusion: Strategic Management Accounting involves major decisions, business choices, and actions of organisation by using both financial and non-financial information with a greater focus on the comparison of the business with its competitors.Implementation of SMA tools provides a sustainable competit ive advantage for the company to build a stable economic position within the industry. TMA focuses too much on internal business functions and that result in lost of the external opportunities and potential business threats. Despite the disadvantages mentioned above, it can be concluded that SMA improves upon the traditional management accounting by enlarging its scope with other disciplines such as strategy and marketing. Bibliography: 1. Baines, A. And Langfield-Smith, K. 2003), ‘Antecedents to management accounting change: a structural equation approach’. Accounting Organizations and Society, 28 (7-8). 2. Burgstahler, D. , Horngren, C. T. , Schatzberg, J. , Stratton, W. O. And Sundem, G. L. (2007), Introduction to management accounting, 14th ed. , Pearson/Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. 3. Smith, M (2005), Performance measurement and management: a strategic approach to management accounting, SAGE, London. 4. Simmonds K, (1981), ‘Strategic Management Acco unting’, Management Accounting, 59(4), 26-29. 5. Bromwich, M. (1990).The case for strategic management accounting: The role of accounting information for strategy in competitive markets. Accounting, Organisation and Society. 15 (1-2), 27-46. 6. Lord, R. (1996). Strategic Management Accounting: The Emperor’s New Clothes? , Management Accounting Research, 7 (3). 7. Wilson, R. M. S. And Chua, W. F. (1993) Managerial accounting : method and meaning/Richard M. S. Wilson, Wai Fong Chua ;series edited by Richard M. S Wilson Chapman &Hall, London ; New York: 8. Kaplan, R and Norton, D (2002). The balanced scorecard. USA: Harvard Business Press. 92-225. 9. Guilding, C. , and McManus, L. , (2002), The Incidence, perceived merit and antecedents of customer accounting: an exploratory note, Accounting, Organization and Society, 27, 45-59. 10. Ehow. The disadvantages of strategic management accounting http://www. ehow. com/list_6793416_disadvantages-strategic-management-accounting. html 11. Robin Roslender, Susan J. Hart, (2006) â€Å"Interfunctional cooperation in progressing accounting for brands: The case for brand management accounting†, Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, Vol. 2 Iss: 3, pp. 229 – 247

Choosing the Types of Essay Writing Languages

Choosing the Types of Essay Writing Languages Idioms, Slang or Jargon. What Is and Appropriate Essay Writing Language? Different types of academic papers require different writing approaches. You will hardly write an expository essay in the same way using the same words as in an argumentative essay. Otherwise, your academic success will be doomed to failure. In other words, a student should be a versatile writer able to choose the write language for a particular type of essay writing. Let’s find out, which is a proper variant and which is not. Essay writing language – formality level Most of the essay papers require formal style. They include cover letters, job applications, journalist notes, etc. On the other hand, you should always consider the type of your target audience when depending the level of formality. A too formal paper may look a bit boring and less engaging. To make things easier for readers, use the following formality levels: Formal style – a typical language of the highest formality level used for unknown audience; Semi-formal – the best bet for essay papers, emails, etc.; Informal – more humorous way of introducing content applicable to friends and relatives. Essay writing language – jargon Although we rarely come across this type of language in academic papers, it can still be used in particular context especially when it comes to different social groups that refer to specific nation backgrounds. Using jargon where appropriate may be a good way to grab the attention of the audience adding some style to your paper. Idioms and slang expressions Slang appears to be inappropriate language when it comes to academic writing. You are not supposed to right â€Å"wanna† or â€Å"y’all†. The same thing is with idiomatic expressions like â€Å"barking at a wrong tree†. Some students mistakenly think that idioms show a good knowledge of language. However, they appear to degrade the content as well as the overall impression. So, try to avoid them. How to write an essay using different languages? It does not matter what type of academic paper you were assigned. Using a proper language and writing style is vital. Keep in mind that essay writing is far from producing articles or novels. You need to follow academic standards in addition to requirements established by your professor. Avoid being arrogant and stick to formal style in addition to the following tips: Sound confident and objective – your language is your face. Make sure it sounds objective and confident even on the paper; Keep an Eye on Tenses – those little guys can be rather tricky. Determine the tenses you are going to use in advance. They will depend on the paper type and topic; Make it Simpler – although the paper is called â€Å"academic† it does not actually mean it is supposed to be complicated. Avoid complex sentence structures and make the paper easy to read. Use strong specific words to express your confidence and expertise. Make sure your paper does not contain vague phrases or words. Keep it simple and clear for the audience.

President Bush Lays Down Plans essays

President Bush Lays Down Plans essays The State of the Union is a speech delivered by the president directed towards Congress and the citizens of the United States. In this speech, the president addresses the problems that our nation faces today; both domestic and foreign. President George W. Bush opened his speech with the issue of America's economy. He proposed an income tax reduction that would save a family with a $40,000 income of approximately $1,000. This tax cut would help small businesses throughout the country. He also wants Congress to pass a law that would stop the unfair double taxation of dividends. This would help investors out and in turn strengthen the economy. Another issue stated was to have a reliable health care system. Many citizens are not fortunate enough to have money to pay for health insurance. He wants the government to give financial support to those in need of health care. Also, President Bush wants to pass a reform that helps protect doctors from frivolous lawsuits. These lawsuits are driving doctors to charge more for their service. The third goal that the president wanted to accomplish was improving the environment. He set a comprehensive energy plan to promote energy efficiency and conservation. He passed the Clear Skies legislation that mandates a 70-percent cut in air pollution from power plants over the next 15 years. Also, he proposed $1.2 billion in research funding for hydrogen-powered cars. Being more efficient and cautious of the environment will preserve our country. He also addressed many social problems that Americans face today. Many children are left with nobody to look up to due to parents being in prison. He urged people to be mentors at schools for children who are not so fortunate. Also, he wants to pass a faith-based initiate and Community Service Act to fund groups that help out the needy. He set up a program that gives 600 million dollars to help pay for drug rehabilitation for Americans to receive the treatment ...

The National Museum of Colombia

The National Museum of Colombia The National Museum of Colombia: Colombias National Museum (Museo Nacional) is located in the heart of Bogota. Its a sprawling, three-story structure dedicated to Columbias art and history. Although there are some very interesting exhibits, all in all its a little dry. Visiting the National Museum: Colombia’s National Museum is about 10 blocks away from Plaza Bolivar (the heart of old Bogota) on Carrera 7 between calle 28 and calle 29. It’s possible to walk from one to the other, or there are buses on a regular basis. The museum is a massive yellowish brick building that was once a prison: night watchmen swear it’s haunted. It’s open daily except Mondays. Hours are 10-6, 10-5 on Sundays. Adult admission is less than $2 US and is free on Sundays. Whats in the Museum?: Colombia’s National Museum is dedicated to history and art and covers everything from the earliest inhabitants of Colombia to the present. On the lowest floor are rooms filled with ancient pottery and golden ornaments and figurines from long-gone cultures. The museum has sections on the conquest, the colonial era, independence and the republican era. The top floor is dedicated to the modern era, but it’s mostly art and very little history. There is a small gift shop and coffee shop on the first floor. Highlights of the National Museum: The museum is divided into different sections, some of which are more interesting than others. On the first floor is a vault-like room with golden ornaments and figurines from Colombias ancient cultures: its interesting if you havent already gone to the much more impressive gold museum a few blocks away. The archaeology sections are kind of cool, and the independence section is worth a stop, particularly to see the many faces of Simà ³n Bolà ­var exhibit. The colonial era part is best if youre a fan of art from that time. On the top floor are some paintings by Botero and other well-known modern Colombian artists. Lowlights of the National Museum: Parts of the museum are a little stale. The republican era (1830-1900 or so) section is an endless series of stony-faced portraits of former presidents. Surprisingly, some of the most interesting parts of Colombias history, such as the 1000 Days War or the 1928 Banana Massacre, are barely mentioned (and dont rate their own exhibit). There is a room on the 1948 Bogotazo riot, but somehow they have made a day of mayhem and destruction seem boring. There is nothing on the tragic period known as La Violencia, nothing on Pablo Escobar and nothing about the FARC and other modern troubles. Who would like Colombias National Museum?: The museum is best for history or art buffs. Colombias National Museum is a traditional one, in that very few of the displays or exhibits are in any way interactive. Kids may be bored stiff. History fans can skip the third floor entirely, and art fans can go directly from the pottery of the ancient era to see the angels and saints in the colonial section before heading to the top floor to see the Boteros. There are better museums in Bogota: Art lovers should first go to the Botero Museum, and history buffs should check out the July 20 Independence Museum. Non-Spanish speakers will struggle, as few of the exhibits have English translation (and nothing in German, French, etc). Supposedly, English-speaking guides are available on Wednesdays.

Foundations Rhetorical Studies Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Foundations Rhetorical Studies - Assignment Example Working through the transition period where philosophers and intelligentsia had a very significant job of unveiling the truth while refuting the theological patterns. Furthermore, the art of rhetoric also has a mounting challenge to distinguish between myths and truth, i.e. to correct the history and take a leap away from romanticism and story-telling towards the search for something that could be attributed the title of scientific realities. Also, currently the rhetoric is built on the already available research material and volumes of published work. However, back in the medieval era, the little work that had been saved was sent to the territories constituting the Muslim empire and thus rhetoricists themselves were engaged in constructing literature. Therefore, a keen and a forward-thinking rhetoricist would be driven by the desire to work in an era where new literature is being constructed and trends are being set. Philosophers and writers in the medieval era were pre-dominantly engaged in preserving storied dictated by the highest order. In other words, there was plot in the stories, a transition, character and even an end, but everything was rather dictated by the spiritual order and what they knew from scripture and the holy text. In this context, those taking a leap of faith and trying to implant newer narratives had an immense challenge. However, it is in this very accumulation of newer knowledge that an ambitious rhetoricist finds escape and reason to fill in the vacuum. Another perspective which inspires me to go back in time and live in the era is that the transition period gives an edge to alter narratives even of the present times, since that was the era where the building blocks of knowledge were placed and human race was triggered to think in un-orthodox ways. Another impeccable perspective which drives me to work in the medieval era is how the philosophers and authors werenâ€℠¢t bound by

Roman Empire collapse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Roman Empire collapse - Essay Example This made it default for the Roman economy to function. Secondly, during this period, the military was in total disarray. The generals had become indiscipline and disloyal. Most of the generals were pursuing personal ambitions either to be named emperor or become ‘Master of Soldiers.’ This brought disunity in the army, and this greatly weakened the empire which drew much of its strength from the army. For example, Constantine II and Constans are two emperors who openly fought each other (Fergusson, 4). Roman soldiers were giving their allegiance to those commanders they supported and not to Rome. The government was forced to hire foreign soldiers who had no sense of loyalty. In addition, the general public became less patriotic, and no one was willing to defend the empire. Finally, the heavy taxes imposed on the poor citizens created class divisions, and the people’s loyalty to the government faded (Fergusson, 5). Many felt that the government was oppressing them, and this further increased the tension in the empire. The anger of the population was demonstrated through revolts, and this forced the government to use its military resources to quell the revolts. The internal conflicts made it difficult for the government to survive amid reduced

Public Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Public Relations - Essay Example Communication in the business, industry, and corporate world is paramount. It is an indication of openness and accountability (Pride et al 2011:242). This is because the media and the public in the contemporary world are much more interrogating than the past. The failure to have a transparent communication leads to lose of credibility in the world market. This in turn results to tremendous lose of financial gains due to lost orders. The public relations should therefore strive to do their best to when crises set in (Curtin et al 2010:28). This paper will explore the public crisis in Toyota Company. First, the research will seek to address the role of a leader in management of crisis in a corporate. Second, the research will look at the alternatives in which the Toyota manager could have minimised the crisis before it happened. Third, the paper will highlight the roles of internal communication to achieve efficiency in a corporate. The paper will finally examine the effects of long cr isis to reputation of and success of organisation. The Role of a Leader in Managing Crises Crises are unavoidable in organisations, businesses, or corporate. This striking change has detrimental effects to a corporate or an organisation. It is a situation when an organisation or a corporate finds itself under uncalled for scrutiny because of its behaviour or that of its staff. Crises may happen gradually or abruptly because of laxity of individuals or an organisation. Product tampering may plunge an organisation into deep disaster (Johnstone & Zawadi 2009:143). Toyota Company experienced a crisis back in the year 2009. The president and CEO of that time Katsuaki Watanabe was overthrown in presence of 400 Toyota workers. The reason to expel the CEO was the poor performance of the Company’s cars. The matter was in the public domain courtesy of media conjectures. This was after the lack of appropriate communication with the public. His successor, Mr. Toyoda failed to rescue the company from criticism that had widely spread. Toyoda was hesitant to respond to the media amidst increasing criticism (Bensinger and Ralph, 2010). When the situation exacerbated, Toyoda made appearances in the press to quell the increasing vilification. However, this was a late intervention of the CEO because the matter was out of the hand. There was poor communication between the Toyota Company in one hand and the media, and public on the other hand. This was a total failure of the top management to address properly the customer concerns. The crisis raised serious concerns about the role of a leader in managing crises. In times of crisis, the leadership of organizations should take immediate measures to minimise or stop any detrimental effects. The leadership ought to strive to solve it internally before it gets out to the public domains. The organization should take necessary steps to recall of its product that display unworthiness as soon as possible. This aims to restore custom ers’ confidence to the organization. This promptness to address the public is very essential for maintaining a strong touch with customers (Smith 2011:25). It avoids unsolicited speculations that may stem from the public. For instance, a company deals with manufacturing of drilling machines can recall it or provide the after sale service when it develops mechanical problems. This swift strategy helps to rectify the inefficiencies in the machines. In this way, the company maintains its brand in the competitive market. Second, the leadership of organisation should assume responsibility. This does not matter whether the crises emanates from the company or from outside. It calls for the organisation to agree that it was its faulty. The

The Great Depression between 1929 to 1933 Essay

The Great Depression between 1929 to 1933 - Essay Example Banks in the early 1930s had insufficient funds that would not match with the increased savings take-out that took place during the autumn of 1929. In spite of the banks being many, their small nature did not allow them to insure the bank deposits. The result is that the failure of the banks translated to people losing their savings. The few banks that survived had to pay much emphasis on their survival due to the prevailing conditions at that time and hence they deterred from loans creating. This measure worsened the situation by resulting to less expenditure. In response to the stock market crash, people ceased from purchasing items. Intrinsically, the number of items produced had to reduce and a decline in the number of people needed to produce the goods. The workers affected had to lose their items that they used installment plans to purchase. The selling firms reposes the items and a large amount of inventory was accumulated. With the unemployment rate rising above twenty-five p ercent, a worse situation was anticipate, a further less expenditure to palliate the situation of the economy. Goods remained unsold and more and more workers were laid off, extending the GD. The Federal government, in its effort to protect businesses and companies in the U.S., established a Smoot-Hawley tariff. This 1930 tariff had the effect of economic revenge over the lessened trade between the U.S and other foreign states. The European countries had also borrowed a lot of money from America.

Cultural Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Cultural Music - Essay Example Cultural music is confronted to the misconception that represents music in the boundaries of its functions. However cultural music should not be considered in the limitations of modern musical instruments, it depicts the traditions and norms to which we belong. Moreover cultural music depicts those values, which we have put in oblivion today and which became our identity as these presents our roots that our predecessors left. Cultural music addresses questions not just about music but about the nature of contemporary culture, because changing perceptions of music have less to do with the music itself than with changes in other cultural practices, values, and attitudes. What we are going to explore in this paper are the values, cultural music uphold, its historical significance, where it came from and the factors that distinguishes the cultural music from that of popular culture. We would put light across factors like religious rituals, social rituals, materialism and how it developed .

Final project PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Final project - PowerPoint Presentation Example al structure is the separation or combination of missions or activities consisting of speculations and anecdote as to the most effective way of organizing the health agencies and the environment in terms of the outcomes (Sinclair, & Whitford, 2013). There are three general ways of identifying and categorizing health agency structures in every state. First, there is the combined health and environmental agency model, where the agency is at the cabinet level, with one policy leader overseeing both environmental and health functions. Second, there is an independent health agency located at the cabinet level with a policy leader reporting to the governor directly. Third is the health super agency model which additional functions. For a public health organization, this may include healthcare funding. The enforcement of law is the primary means by which the government creates conditions for safer and healthier lives for all people. The law is responsible for creation of missions for public health officials, assignment of their functions and exercises manner of exercising their power. The law also influences norms for healthy behavior, identify and respond to threats relating to health and setting health standards. The public health ethics are concerned with the ethical dimensions of professionalism and the moral trust bestowed on public health professionals by the society (Gostin, 2010). Resources like funding will be required to embrace the community’s definition of population health. To achieve the population health goals, the Accountable Care Organizations (ACA) will need to identify the financial resources required. The demonstration grants provided may help to fund the fee-for-service structure currently used but it is barely enough to sustain it. Therefore, the nonprofit hospitals have to provide support for the community programs. With passage of the ACA, the U.S. has had to result to improving the health care’s quality while decreasing the costs

Cultural Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Cultural Music - Essay Example Cultural music is confronted to the misconception that represents music in the boundaries of its functions. However cultural music should not be considered in the limitations of modern musical instruments, it depicts the traditions and norms to which we belong. Moreover cultural music depicts those values, which we have put in oblivion today and which became our identity as these presents our roots that our predecessors left. Cultural music addresses questions not just about music but about the nature of contemporary culture, because changing perceptions of music have less to do with the music itself than with changes in other cultural practices, values, and attitudes. What we are going to explore in this paper are the values, cultural music uphold, its historical significance, where it came from and the factors that distinguishes the cultural music from that of popular culture. We would put light across factors like religious rituals, social rituals, materialism and how it developed .

Ec2 Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ec2 - Movie Review Example Rosenstein balances views by using short video clips of interviews with different stakeholders to portray the divisive issue of using Native American identities and symbols in sports teams, though it is clear that the director favors the complete removal of such sports practices because they undermine the integrity of Native American identity and history. Rosenstein strives to provide a balanced view of the â€Å"honor† involved in using Native American nicknames and characters as sports mascots. He uses interviews with different alumni, trustees, fans, and former Chief Illiniweks in the documentary. For instance, though the mainstay is Teters, Rosenstein also obtains the views of University of Illinois alumni and Board of Trustees because they also have a stake on the issue. Ken Boyle, University of Illinois Trustee, stresses in the documentary that he does not consider Chief Illiniwek as a â€Å"mascot,† but as part of the â€Å"tradition and heritage† of the university (In Whose Honor?). Rosenstein does not just focus on the voice of Teters and other Native Americans, but also includes as many voices needed to explore the complexity of the issue. Furthermore, Rosenstein explains why using Indian names and characters are wrong through Teters and other Native Americans’ point of views. Teters argues that universities should not use Native American mascots and nicknames because she sees a â€Å"mascot† as a symbol of control and ownership. Dennis Tibbetts, an American Indian counselor, agrees with Teters because to have a chief as a form of â€Å"entertainment† is a â€Å"mockery† because it is not a â€Å"caricature† (In Whose Honor?). A caricature means that the mascot is not real, but using a real person connects the mascot to the Native American identity. Hence, the film demonstrates that a Native American mascot dishonors Native Americans. Despite the balanced

Marketing Mix Strategy Of The Kenya Tourist Board

Marketing Mix Strategy Of The Kenya Tourist Board The Kenya Tourist Board will develop a good marketing mix strategy to attract target customers from Asian tourism market. The marketing mix will encompass 4Ps analysis that includes tailored tour packages, pricing strategies, well-designed service channels and promotion programs. Kenya is positioned as a unique and attractive holiday destination that people would like to visit. Kenya tourist Board will coordinate with travel agencies, local organizations, airplane companies, and service operators to ensure tourists have an excellent and unforgettable experience when they are visiting Kenya. The Kenya Tourist Board will plan its tour such that tourists obtain satisfactions from all touch points of services. Tourists feedback will be very important for the board to review and adjust its strategies. Kenya is well established as a leading safari destination with unique wildlife attractions in the western market. The Kenya Tourist Board will continue to provide and improve safari tour as its core product to Asian tourism market. Major safari attractions such as the Great Migration, the Big Five and Maasai Mara Reserve namely the new Seventh Wonders of the World will be focused on and promoted to Asian tourists. The Kenya Tourist Board will also plan and design special safari tours targeting at high-income earners who are willing to pay special prices to luxury activities such as balloon safari and game viewing. In recent years, Asian countries are becoming more interested in business opportunities in Africa. As the commercial center for East Africa with good facilities and hotels, Kenya is well positioned to attract MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions). The Kenya Tourist Board will work with business organizations and companies to attract and promote conference and business events to Asian countries. The Kenya Tourist Board will plan beach and resort tour packages targeting mainly to business and family holiday tourists who tend to travel in large group size. The tourists will relax and experience the paradise of Kenya beach and shores. The tourists may choose to lay back and enjoy themselves or go out and explore Kenyas unique coastal culture. British Prince William and Kate Middleton were engaged in Kenya in November 19, 2010. This is a good change for the Kenya Tourist Board to promote and boost Kenya tourism. The engagement has worldwide publicity that will enhance Kenyas profile as a romantic holiday destination. The publicity will continue into year 2011 when the wedding will be held. The Kenya Tourist Board will promote Kenya as a romantic holiday destination to Asian tourism market along with this romance. The Kenya Tourist Board will design pricing strategy carefully because of high-competition in tourism industry from many countries and places. The board will communicate with agencies to make sure that Kenya tour package price is affordable to Asian middle-class tourists. The board will ensure that tour agencies could operate with profit, and at the same time they will not over-charge customers. Since Asian tourism market is new market for Kenya tourism, the Kenya Tourist Board will start with good promotion price to attract more tourists from Asia. Since Kenya is remote country to Asia, information availability to Asian tourists is vital for promoting Kenya tourism in Asia. The Kenya Tourist Board will set up operation offices in major Asian cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, New Delhi, and Tokyo etc. The board will collaborate with Asian local travel agencies to promote Kenya tourism to potential customers. The Kenya Tourist Boards headquarter in Nairobi will serve as main office and coordinate the operations of offices in Asian cities. The Magical Kenya is the official Kenya travel and tourism web site owned by the Kenya Tourist Board. The web pages describe attractions and provide travel guide to tourists in English and other languages including Japanese. The Kenya Tourist Board will translate the web pages into Chinese and Korean so that the board will reach Asian customers more effectively since China and Korean are the leading Internet users in the world. Promotion strategies will be discussed in details in marketing communication strategy section. Marketing Communication Strategy The Kenya Tourist Board will develop and implement marketing communication strategy for Asian tourism market. The marketing communication strategy is to focus on brand development, Internet marketing, partnership, advertisement and promotion. Brand Development In todays competitive and crowed tourism market, it is essential for Kenya to create a strong brand identity to differentiate itself from competitors. The brand image should bring not only physical experience but also emotional feelings in customers mind. Kenya is potentially one of the strongest brands in Africa for its unique African wild life and diverse landscape. However, currently Kenya is not a strong and well-known holiday brand in Asian tourism market. The Kenya Tourist Board will ensure to establish a consistent brand image of Kenya to Asian tourists through different communication channels. Internet Marketing Internet is cost-effective and easy way to reach mass customers. Many tourists especially high-educated and high-income ones search information on the Internet when planning holiday trips. The Kenya Tourist Board will make sure of Internet medias and tools effectively to promote Kenya tourism. The board will translate Magical Kenya web site into Asian languages and keep on improving the web site. The Kenya Tourist Board will sponsor Internet users to set up forums, blogs, twitters and facebooks of Kenya tourisms. Emails and newsletters with Kenya tourism news and information will be sent daily to registered users. The Kenya Tourist Board will encourage tourists to tell their stories of Kenya by giving free gifts or prizes. The Kenya Tourist board will also collect tourists feedback from Internet to improve its services and products. Partnership The marketing communication strategy and plan will not be successful without considering local culture. To conquer communication barrier, the Kenya Tourist Board will establish partnership with local agencies, companies and government organizations. The Kenya Tourist Board will collaborate with Asian government organizations to organize road shows or events like Kenya Week to promote Kenya tourism industry. The Kenya Tourist Board will help local agencies to train local staff to service customers more effectively. Advertisement and Promotions The Kenya Tourist Board will advertise and promote Kenya tourism from all touch points. The Kenya tourism magazines and brochures will be placed in Kenya Airways planes, major Asian airports and travel agencies. The Kenya tourism will be advertised on newspaper, magazine, Google web and TV program. The promotion prices will be offered to customers on Asian holidays such as National day, Chinese New Year etc.

Traveling With Children :: Parenting Internet Papers

Traveling With Children About four years ago a friend of mine guided me into a couple of chat rooms. The subject of the rooms had to do with sports. It was very strange how the other members of the community knew when you logged in or logged out. Sometimes the members would see that you were there but not participating in the "conversation". They would try to bring you into the conversation or come right out and ask you what you were there for. The conversations can go quite quickly so I had a hard time keeping up sometimes. They were friendly, though, and would just ask again if a person did not answer in enough time. I have not been in a chat room since. It seems easier when you already know another person in the room. I actually think it is kind of creepy. I will not know who these people are. Do I want them to know my log on name? What if they are weirdoes and look up my personal information on the internet? Do they even have this capability? It is pretty obvious that I do not know much about the internet. I do know how to E-Mail someone. I do not have a problem going to a web site if I know the address. If I am searching for something I actually get very frustrated, because it takes so much time if you do not know what you are doing. One link leads to another, then another, then another and then you forget where you started. The community I am most curious about is the chat room community. I am going to plung right in and face my fears. Will I feel comfortable to participate in the conversations? Will the people in the chat room be talking about something that interests me? Will I be able to keep up? I assume it will be difficult. My topic is "Traveling with Children". I have no idea if there are even any chat rooms out there about this subject. I read an article in the travel section of the Los Angeles Times every other week about traveling with children, so there must be some sort of audience out there. I assume there must be resources on this subject because traveling is so popular. The internet seems like it would be a useful tool for research and if I find the chat rooms I imagine it will be very helpful. Traveling With Children :: Parenting Internet Papers Traveling With Children About four years ago a friend of mine guided me into a couple of chat rooms. The subject of the rooms had to do with sports. It was very strange how the other members of the community knew when you logged in or logged out. Sometimes the members would see that you were there but not participating in the "conversation". They would try to bring you into the conversation or come right out and ask you what you were there for. The conversations can go quite quickly so I had a hard time keeping up sometimes. They were friendly, though, and would just ask again if a person did not answer in enough time. I have not been in a chat room since. It seems easier when you already know another person in the room. I actually think it is kind of creepy. I will not know who these people are. Do I want them to know my log on name? What if they are weirdoes and look up my personal information on the internet? Do they even have this capability? It is pretty obvious that I do not know much about the internet. I do know how to E-Mail someone. I do not have a problem going to a web site if I know the address. If I am searching for something I actually get very frustrated, because it takes so much time if you do not know what you are doing. One link leads to another, then another, then another and then you forget where you started. The community I am most curious about is the chat room community. I am going to plung right in and face my fears. Will I feel comfortable to participate in the conversations? Will the people in the chat room be talking about something that interests me? Will I be able to keep up? I assume it will be difficult. My topic is "Traveling with Children". I have no idea if there are even any chat rooms out there about this subject. I read an article in the travel section of the Los Angeles Times every other week about traveling with children, so there must be some sort of audience out there. I assume there must be resources on this subject because traveling is so popular. The internet seems like it would be a useful tool for research and if I find the chat rooms I imagine it will be very helpful.

A-Bomb yes? :: essays research papers

The relevance of the two atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was that it ended World War II, which is the main goal of the any war so yes, it was necessary. The two bombs dropped mightconvince the Japanese any further resistance was futile, which worked. After the bombings, there were rumors of Japanese ready to surrender the next few day which claimed to make the two bombings â€Å"unnecessary†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The generally accepted view that the Japanese would fight to the very end put that rumor at a very small percentage. The Japanese also wanted their current emperor to remain on throne and they were afraid that the surrendering terms would cause the Japanese to choose a new Emperor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The atomic bomb lead America to the atomic age, causing it to build many thousands of nuclear bombs. Having the many nuclear bombs was a great defense, not for shooting, but to generally let countries know that â€Å"hey we have more nuclear weapons than you all combined† so that they would think twice, even three times before attacking America. The dropping of the first atomic bomb proved that by ending the war. The second dropping of the bomb was just as important to causing the Japanese to surrender as much as the first. Just two days after Hiroshima, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan. Dropping the second bomb on Nagasaki would make the surrender of Japan inevitable. What would have happened had the A-bomb not been used? Of course, thewar would have continued. US forces; therefore, would have had to invade the home island of Japan. Doing so, would end in many casualties. American forces would not only have to fight Japanese forces, but Japanese civilians as well. The Japanese civilians may not seem like a lot compared to the U.S. forces, but the Japanese government had been giving the civilians weapons from guns to spears. With the overwhelming number of civilians compared to American Forces, it would prove to be a hard battle which could lead to many casualties. The number of Japanese civilian casualties could have been greater than that of the atomic bomb and it would have taken a longer period.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Chief of Staff predicted that the Japanese would have surrendered on September 1944, but they were still fighting. So there was no way of knowing if the Japanese were going to surrender or not.

Global warming and our economy Essay

Global Warming is always been a debatable issue since last century and with the rise of globalization, this issue is in continues focus. This paper will discuss effects of global warming in this era of global economy. This relates to our interest in giving social rationales the centrality that it deserves. By social purpose we mean that all environmental politics as well as policy reflect particular point of view, values, and preference. Even if nature challenges political economy, it does not leave it unnecessary. This paper highlights that various view points of analysts who understand and speak for nature. And therefore speak in many voices. However, the reasons for focusing on social purpose are not only moral. In fact, it is not probable to make sense of the origins, impacts, and effectiveness of policies, including environmental policies, without understanding how they classify and affect the universe of stakeholders implicated. Introduction: Global warming has emerged as a prevailing issue, can help understand whether it will remain so and what kinds of solutions are practical. It makes a great deal of difference to recognize whether the fate of global climate policy is obsessed by scientists or energy concerns. In addition, and without contradicting the role of scientific advice, it makes for a much more precise analysis to know how scientific networks are themselves engaged in politics and that scientific knowledge is internally challenged. Thus, in promoting the idea of global economy, how do select the most important risks to be avoided? All too often, decisions are not made realistically, but primarily on how scarily the scenario can be portrayed. Global warming is one of these cases. Main Body: Global warming is a natural phenomenon to which human literally owes their lives. Without natural global warming, this planet would be thirty-five degrees colder, bitterly cold at night and hot during the day. Global warming is typically (some estimate 75 percent to 80 percent) caused by natural phenomena, such as cloud cover, temperature gradients, the heat absorption of the seas, etc. The question raised is whether so-called greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, considerably add to global warming. And, if they do, is the calculated increase more or less than the natural variation that would occur without the â€Å"greenhouse† gases? It all started in 1988, which was a mainly warm year. Despite the fact that similar temperature variations had occurred several times in history, suddenly this phenomenon became headline grabbing news. A climatologist by the name of Jim Hansen at NASA’s Goddard Space Institute testified at a Senate hearing that he was persuaded that the warm temperatures that year were a consequence of the greenhouse effect. He postulated that carbon dioxide coming from industrial activity was causing the atmosphere to replicate heat from the earth back to the ground, thus raising temperatures (Joseph, 2000). As Hansen expressed a â€Å"high degree of confidence† that the unusual rise in temperature in 1988 was linked to this greenhouse effect, it made big, scary headlines, implanting it in popular thought. As a result, few people today have any doubt that there is a greenhouse effect and that it does grounds global warming. The basic implication is that the result will be bad for humanity. Yet, every one of those popularly held opinions is open to serious question (Joseph, 2000). In his book, Sound and Fury: The Science and Politics of Global Warming, which was published in 1992, Patrick J. Michaels debunks these ideas. Fred Singer, a climatologist with perfect credentials, has not only called all of these notions into serious question but has presented a scary assessment of the costs that will be incurred if the apocalyptic vision of global warming is the cause of unwise along with costly legislation. Other noted climatologists took issue with Hansen’s predictions. First of all, the basic data upon which he postulated his scary headlines were questioned. There are several other records of global temperatures that indicate that NASA’s data were perhaps 30 percent too high. The grounds of this variation can be in the way each of the groups measured those temperatures. So, the fundamental effect that Hansen was scaring us with may have been grossly incorrect. Then, and this error is evident to anyone, he took the average temperatures for the first ten years of the fifty-year period and compared them with the average temperature of the last ten years, totally ignoring what happened in between! Selecting only those data that support your thesis is pretty intuitive. As a matter of fact, historical data shows that increases and decreases of temperatures from year to year are wider than the ones Hansen used to scare us to death. Furthermore, the computer program that projected global warming was tested against history by Hansen’s critics. It shows completely no correlation with any global warming over the past fifty years — and these were the years in which carbon dioxide emissions improved dramatically. The major vehicle of global-warming optimism has been the Hoover Institute, a conservative think tank, under whose banner Thomas Gale Moore has coined a signature slogan for the cynic: â€Å"Global change is inevitable—warmer is better, richer is healthier† (Moore 1997). For pure evangelistic eagerness in the face of â€Å"global warmists,† few can excel Moore, a senior fellow at the Hoover Institute. Moore’s 1998 book A Politically Incorrect View of Global Warming: Foreign Aid Masquerading as Climate Policy was published by the Cato Institute. Moore believes, â€Å"Global warming, if it were to occur, would probably benefit most Americans† (Moore 1997). If global climate models point out that a rising in the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will cause temperatures to increase more at night than during the day, so much the better, according to Moore. Moore asserts that ninety percent of human deaths occur in categories that are more general in winter than summer (Moore 1996). Left unmentioned by Moore is the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) estimate that a doubling-up of carbon dioxide levels could lead to about 10,000 estimated additional deaths per year for the current population of the United States from higher summer temperatures, yet after factoring in the helpful effects of warmer winters and assuming that people in a warmer world will become somewhat adapted to their environment. Moore argues, to the contrary, that human civilization has flourished throughout warm periods of history, and declined while climate cooled. Therefore, Moore argues that a warmer world will benefit human society and economy. In addition, he enthuses, â€Å"Less snow and ice would reduce transportation delays and accidents. A warmer winter would cut heating costs, more than offsetting any increase in air conditioning expenses in the summer. Manufacturing, mining and most services would be unaffected. Longer growing seasons, more rainfall and higher concentrations of carbon dioxide would benefit plant growth†. (Moore 1997) Virtually any attempt to ameliorate global warming, according to Moore, would entail â€Å"a huge price for virtually no benefit† (Moore 1997). The best way to deal with potential climate change, says Moore, â€Å"is not to embark on a futile attempt to prevent it, but to promote growth and prosperity so that people will have the resources to deal with it: Global warming is likely to be good for most of mankind. The additional carbon, rain and warmth should promote the plant growth necessary to sustain an expanding world population† (Moore 1997). Contrary to some scientists, who project an intensification of storms in a warmer world, Moore believes, â€Å"Warmer periods bring benign rather than more violent weather† (Moore 1995). Moore, like most greenhouse skeptics, celebrates humankind’s dominance of nature. Patrick J. Michaels agrees with Moore, writing, â€Å"Moderate climate change would be inordinately directed into the winter and night, rather than the summer, and that this could be benign or even beneficial†¦. [T]he likely warming, based on the observed data [would be] between 1. 0 and 1. 5 degrees C. for doubling the natural carbon dioxide† (Michaels 1998) Michaels draws on research by Robert Balling, indicating â€Å"that observed changes are largely confined to winter in the very coldest continental air masses of Siberia and northwestern North America† (Michaels N. d. ). According to Michaels, atmospheric carbon dioxide is escalating at slower-than-expected levels as more of it is being captured by plants whose growth is being keyed up by the carbon dioxide itself. Many scientists criticize Moore’s analysis as simplistic. According to George M. Woodwell, president and director of the Woods Hole (Massachusetts) Research Center, evidence explaining that higher temperatures will have little effect on rates of photosynthesis, a course that removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Instead, warming will raise rates of respiration amongst some organisms, thus releasing more carbon dioxide. A 1 degree C. (1. 8 degree F. ) increase in temperature often raises rates of respiration in some organisms by ten percent to thirty percent. Warming will thus speed the decomposition of organic matter in soils, peat in bogs, and organic wreckage in marshes. Indeed, the higher temperatures of the last few decades seem to have accelerated the decomposition of organic matter in the Arctic tundra (Woodwell 1999). Woodwell suggests, also, that global warming will lean to erode habitat for large, long-lived plants (such as trees) supportive of small plants with short lifetimes and rapid reproduction rates, such as shrubs and weeds. He says that the death of some plants and their decay will liberate more stored carbon into the atmosphere (Woodwell 1999). Many global-warming skeptics argue that the sunspot cycle is causing a considerable part of the warming that has been measured by surface thermometers throughout the twentieth century’s final two decades. Accurate measurements of the sun’s energy output have been taken just since about 1980, however, so their archival value for comparative purposes is relentlessly limited. Michaels, editor of the World Climate Report, cites a study of sunspot-related solar brightness conducted by Judith Lean and Peter Foukal, who assert that roughly half of the 0. 55 degree C. of warming observed since 1850 is an effect of changes in the sun’s radiative output. â€Å"That would leave,† says Michaels, â€Å"at best, 0. 28 degree C. [due] to the greenhouse effect† (Michaels 1996). J. J. Lean and her associates also estimate that more or less one-half of the warming of the last 130 years has resulted from variations in the sun’s delivery of radiant energy to the earth (Lean, Beer, and Bradley 1995). As solar inconsistency has a role in climate change, Martin I. Hoffert and associates believe that those who make it the means variable are overplaying their hand: â€Å"Although solar effects on this century’s climate may not be negligible, quantitative considerations imply that they are small relative to the anthropogenic release of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide† (Hoffert et al. 1999, 764). Like lots of his fellow skeptics, Fred Singer believes that a â€Å"warmer climate would, overall, be good for Americans, improve the economy, and put more money in the pockets of the average family† (Singer 1999). Singer, professor emeritus of environmental sciences at the University of Virginia and president of the Science and Environmental Policy Project, advises adaption to a warmer world: â€Å"Farmers are not dumb; they will adapt to changes—as they always do. They will plant the right crops, select the best seeds, and choose the appropriate varieties to take advantage of longer growing seasons, warmer nights, and of course the higher levels of carbon dioxide that make plants and trees grow faster†. (Singer 1999)

Cultural Landscape Essay

A cultural landscape is a piece of land that possesses natural and cultural resources related to an historic event, person, or group of people. They are usually man-made lexis of relationships with the nature and/or society or culture. These can include grand estates, public gardens and parks, educational institutions, cemeteries, highways, and industrial sites. Cultural landscapes are also humanist works of art, texts and narratives of cultures that express regional and cultural identity. They also present relationship to their ecological perspective. Human activities have turned out to be a major cause of shaping most cultivated landscapes on the surface of Earth. Human, animal and machine labor expended in using the land can create outstanding cultural landscapes with high aesthetic, cultural and ecological value such as the paddy-field rice terraces of south-east Asia, but may as well result in land degradation as is the case in some regions in the Mediterranean. The distribution of landforms such as steep slopes, fertile plains, inundated valleys in a landscape sets the frame for land use by determining factors such as accessibility, water and nutrient availability, but may over long periods of time also be changed through land use. On the other hand, land use serves distinct socio-economic purposes: land may supply materials and energy through hunting, agriculture or forestry, it may host infrastructure, or it may be needed to absorb waste and emissions (Haberl et al. , 2004). Landscapes can be seen as the contingent and historically variable outcome of this interplay between socio-economic and biophysical forces. During the evolution of cultural landscapes throughout the world, humans have developed adaptive land-use techniques and created specific patterns of fields, farmsteads, remnant woodlots and the like that depended on both natural and socio-economic conditions. In European agricultural landscapes, the long history of land transformation has led to regionally distinct regular patterns of geometrically arranged landscape elements, reflecting the historical and cultural background of the prevailing land-use system of a region (Bell, 1999). The spatial distribution of ecotopes, the so-called landscape structure, has therefore often been regarded as a mosaic of ‘frozen processes’; i. e. landscape structure assumedly mirrors the processes which had been going on in a landscape. This perception has even become a central paradigm in modern landscape ecology. While many ecosystem processes are difficult to observe directly, landscape structure can be derived from mapping as well as from remote-sensing data; therefore, landscape structure was often not only used to evaluate the ecological value of landscapes, but also to judge ecological aspects of the sustainability of land-use patterns (Wrbka et al. , 1999b). The Influence Of Land Form On The Intensity Of Land Use Cultural landscapes have, in contrast to natural and semi-natural landscapes, special characteristics. The disturbance regime as well as the major material and energy fluxes in these transformed landscapes is controlled to a large extent by humans. This is done by the different land-use practices applied for meadows, arable land or forests. Decisions about land use are made according to the local agro-ecological characteristics which are nested in a hierarchy of social, economical and technical constraints. Cultural landscapes can thus only be understood by analyzing the interplay between biophysical and socioeconomic patterns and processes. Landscape Structure And Intensity Of Land Use Odum and Turner (1989) found that the landscape elements of the Georgia landscape in the early 1930s had a higher fractal dimension than the elements of the same region in the 1980s. During the same period of time the use of fertilizers, pesticides and other agrochemicals increased dramatically. This illustrates that the growing human impact on the land may result in a landscape with decreasing geometrical complexity. Human activities introduce rectangularity and rectilinearity into landscapes, producing regular shapes with straight borders (Forman, 1999; Forman and Moore, 1992). Various studies suggest that the rate of landscape transformation is a function of land-use intensity (Alard and Poudevigne, 1999; Hietala-Koivu, 1999; Mander et al. , 1999; Odum and Turner, 1989), and that the geometric complexity of a landscape in particular decreases with increasing land-use intensity accompanied by a decrease of habitat heterogeneity and an increase of production units. Applying the thermodynamic laws to landscape structure, Forman and Moore (1992) suggested that the concentrated input of energy (e. g. , by tractor ploughing, plant production, wildfire) decreases the entropy of patches compared to adjacent areas and produces straight and abrupt boundaries. In other words, energy is required to convert natural curvilinear boundaries into straight lines and energy is required to maintain them. The reduction of the energy input increases entropy and revegetation convolutes and softens landscape boundaries. This means that the ‘landscape structure’, in the sense of Forman and Godron (1986), can be regarded as ‘frozen processes’. Landscape Structure And Biodiversity Many surveys show that species richness of vascular plants and bryophytes normally decreases with land-use intensity (Luoto, 2000; Mander et al. , 1999; Zechmeister and Moser, 2001; Zechmeister et al. , 2003). As the link between landscape structure and land-use intensity could be established, shape complexity as a measure of land-use intensity seems to be also a good predictor of species richness (Moser et al. , 2002; Wrbka et al. , 1999a). Accordingly, higher species richness in areas with high LD and richness values can be expected. The use of shape complexity indices as indicators for plant species richness is based on an assumed correlation between geometric landscape complexity and biodiversity (Moser et al. , 2002). Obviously, this correlation is not mechanistic but it is supposed to be due to congruent effects of land-use intensity on landscape shape complexity and species richness. Moser et al. (2002) gives a good literature overview about the driving factors responsible for the decrease of landscape complexity with increasing land-use intensity, which resulted in the following key findings: * The majority of landscape elements in agricultural landscapes are designed by humans as rectangles with straight and distinct boundaries (Forman, 1999). * Outside boundaries of semi-natural or natural patches are straightened by neighboring cultivated areas (). * Increasing land-use intensity is accompanied by a decrease of semi-natural and natural areas (Alard and Poudevigne, 1999; Mander et al. , 1999), resulting in a decrease of natural curvilinear boundaries. * Intensification in agriculture tends to increase the size of production units (Alard and Poudevigne, 1999; Hietala-Koivu, 1999). In addition to that intensification of land use on the production unit, e. g. , by fertilizing or increased mowing intensity, also leads to a dramatic decrease of the species richness (Zechmeister et al. , 2003). The description of the degradation of semi-natural and agricultural landscapes shows clearly the interdependence of biodiversity and landscape heterogeneity, induced by closely interwoven ecological, demographical, socio-economic and cultural factors. For an effective conservation management of biodiversity and landscape eco-diversity, a clear understanding of the ecological and cultural processes and their perturbations is essential. Intermediate disturbance levels lead to a highly complex and diverse cultural landscape which can host many plant and animal species. Landscapes, with ‘eco-diversity hotspots’, can be regarded as hint for ‘biodiversity hotspots’. Landscape pattern indicators therefore play an important role for landscape conservation planning. The understanding of landscape processes is crucial for the conservation of both, landscape eco-diversity and biodiversity. Conclusions From a conservation biology point of view, the ongoing process of genetic erosion and biodiversity loss as well as the replacement of specific recognizable cultural landscapes by monotonous ubiquistic production sites will continue. The biophysical characteristics and natural constraints of the investigated landscapes are interwoven with the regional historic and socio-economical development. This interplay is the background for the development of a variety of cultural landscapes which have their own specific characteristics. Geo-ecological land-units provide one solution. This is of special importance when the relationship of landscape patterns and underlying processes is under investigation. Works Cited Alard, D. , Poudevigne, I. Factors controlling plant diversity in rural landscapes: a functional approach. Landscape and Urban Planning, 1999: 46, 29–39 Bell, S. , Landscape—Pattern, Perception and Process. E. &F. N. Spon, London, 1999 Forman, R. T. T. , & Godron, M. Landscape Ecology. Wiley, New York, 1986. Forman, R. T. T. , & Moore, P. N. Theoretical foundations for understanding boundaries in landscape mosaics. In: Hansen, F. J. , Castri, F. (Eds. ), Landscape Boundaries. Consequences for Biotic Diversity and Ecological Flows. Springer, New York, 1992, pp. 236–258. Forman, R. T. T. Horizontal processes, roads, suburbs, societal objectives in landscape ecology. In: Klopatek, M. , Gardner, R. H. (Eds. ), Landscape Ecological Analysis: Issues and Applications. Springer, New York, 1999, pp. 35–53. Haberl, H. , Wackernagel, M. , Krausmann, F. , Erb, K. -H. , Monfreda, C. Ecological footprints and human appropriation of net primary production: A comparison. Land Use Policy, doi:10. 1016/ j. landusepol. 2003. 10. 008. , 2004 Hietala-Koivu, R. Agricultural landscape change: a case study in Y lane, Southwest Finland. Landscape and Urban Planning , 1999: 46, 103–108. Luoto, M.. Modelling of rare plant species richness by landscape variables in an agriculture area in Finland. Plant Ecology , 2000: 149, 157–168. Mander, U. , Mikk, M. , Ku. lvik, M.. Ecological and low intensity agriculture as contributors to landscape and biological diversity. Landscape and Urban Planning , 1999: 46, 169–177.

The Discarded Image

The Discarded Image (Rewrite) â€Å"The Discarded Image: An Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature† by C. S. Lewis is not just an introduction of the Medieval and Renaissance period, as the subtitle suggests, but rather an overview of the cultural background of that time period. C. S. Lewis describes â€Å"the model† or â€Å"the image† of the universe as it was thought to be during the Renaissance and the Middle Ages. Their way of thinking was completely different from ours in our â€Å"Modern World† point of view. Their perception of the Universe was a â€Å"single, complex, harmonious mental model† (Lewis), unlike our scientific discoveries and newly formulated theories bout the universe. Instead of theories, they believed in these principles or ideas that explained their way of viewing things. Hierarchy, ordered scale in which everything is connected but has a certain order, and Body and Soul, the idea that everything has a soul and there are three different kinds of souls, are two of these principles. Hierarchy explains the order in which everything is or should be, as well as how everything is co-related. During the middle ages, it was thought that â€Å"everything has its right place, its home, the region that suits it† (Lewis, 92). The people of medieval and Renaissance period came up with the order of the universe, â€Å"Earth, moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn†. They thought that everything revolved around the Earth; they believed that the Earth was the center of the universe, and they believed that everything was pulled towards the Earth. The â€Å"force† responsible for this attraction was the Primium Mobile or the First moveable, â€Å"everything proceeds from Him (God)† (Brand), â€Å"its existence was inferred to account for the motion of all others† (Lewis, 96). Since everything has its purpose and space, it also has its own different soul. For example, because the different things or bodies have a different place and purpose they have different souls: â€Å"Man is a rational animal†¦Rational soul, which gives man his peculiar position, is not the only kind of soul† (Lewis, 152-153). Plants have a Vegetable soul, its main purpose is to grow and spread out. Animals, not human, have a sensitive soul: has the same â€Å"powers† as the Vegetable soul but has sentience in addition. nevertheless these three, Rational, Sensitive, and Vegetable souls, portrayed the synthesis between science, imagination, and theology that was very important in the Medieval and Renaissance period: â€Å"the real of science was the real of imaginations which was the real of religion, etc. † (Brand) C. S. Lewis in his book â€Å"The Discarded Image: An Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature† points out the way the universe was viewed in the middle ages. Lewis explains all the ideas and principles that made up the middle ages so different from our Modern World. During the Middle ages Hierarchy was very important; everything has its place and purpose but at the same time it was believed that everything was a unit. The idea of Body and Soul was just as important; since everything has its own purpose it must have its own soul.

Fiber optics technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fiber optics technology - Essay Example ITU-T G.651 and ITU-T G.652 (standard SMF) are the two compositional standards (Alwayn, 2004). Standards that relate to performance govern transmitters and receivers and include; Optical Transport Network the, Synchronous Digital Hierarchy, etc. Other standards are developed for specific niches. For instance, fiber optics in satellite communication begs other standards to adhere to. The deposition of dopants can be done in three standard ways: inside, outside and axial vapor deposition (Held, 1999). Moreover, advances in the use fiber optic systems has created a demand for standards that enable interoperability between telephone companies and interexchange carriers. Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) in Europe and Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) in North America (Held, 1999) are data transportation vehicle capable of supporting data rates in gigabyte range. There is not just one way of implementing fiber optic technology. For instance, the most common way for this implementation is a high-speed fiber optic local area network (LAN). Before implementing this technology, a feasibility study is made. If a company needs to go into an area where there are no pre-existing cable networks then implementation is much easier. Fiber optic technology is very different from DSL services, therefore, implementing a new technology in a blank area is much easier. However, if there are copper wires installed for transmitting data then cost justifications, minimizing disruptions for the use of SML and the cost for connecting to NPS backbone LAN, need to be made (Ee, 2004). The demand for high-speed internet usually drives the service providers to move to a better technology. The greatest hurdle preventing the widespread implementation of fiber optics is its cost. Implementing new fiber optic network is a troublesome task especially when old infrastructures like DSL and cable are already serving the customers

Economic Implications of IPhone5 Research Paper

Economic Implications of IPhone5 - Research Paper Example It was desired that, with the launch of Iphone5, an estimated 3 billion dollars would be channelled into the United States economy by the end of 2012. In spite of this contribution by Iphone5, the expected economic growth of the United States is to be within a weak rate of 2-2.5% between the periods of October to December 2012 (Rushe, 2012). With the release of Iphone5, an estimated pre-order sale of over two million units was recorded, using these records, Apple hoped to sell more than forty million units by the fourth quarter of 2012. With such deliberations, it is evident that Iphone5 has played a great role in improving the economy in different ways. Positive impact of iphone to the economy With these kinds of figures, it is obviously noted that Apple is growing together with its products, which is a good sign of the economic growth of the United States. It is projected that the sales of Iphone5 could end up boosting the United States economy (Worstall, 2012). Iphone5 would produ ce an estimated 3.2 billion dollars in the fourth quarter, or 12.8 billion dollars annualized, which would end up adding 0.33% to the GDP growth in the last quarter of 2012, even when previous Iphone generations are kept at a solid pace. The last Iphone4 launch was virtually around the same time as that of Iphone5 in 2011 (Agarwal, 2012). The overall sales within the launching month outperformed the expected expectations. Iphone sales occur either in retail stores or on-line. Over half of the 0.8% core retail sales increase, manifested during the sale of Iphone4 occurred in two main categories: online and computer, and software sales (Rushe, 2012). These combined, resulted in the largest monthly increase to be recorded by Apple. This incremental growth over the fourth and third quarter sales at the stores, if credited to Iphone, would have resulted in a growth of 0.1% to 0.2%-point to fourth quarter growth (Curwen & Whalley, 2010). This portrays an upward trend as compared to the gr owth that was portrayed when the Iphone4 was launched. This trend helps illustrate the fact that Iphones are affecting the American economy positively (Worstall, 2012). Apple strives to develop innovative and groundbreaking technology, which supports the consumers even in the stagnating and a weak economy of the United States. Apple strives to consistently produce products that are better than their previous ones and those of their competitors too. Apple has a big future together with Iphone5 which also reflects a positive future for the United States economy (Rushe, 2012). This positivity may be seen from the fact that, with recent updates on the Iphone5, which include an upgrade in Chinese language recognition with a comprehensive Chinese dictionary. These upgrades will aid Apple to fully penetrate the Chinese markets. This will enable them access an additional potential users amounting to nearly 120 million who could end up adding an additional 30-40 billion dollars in sales (Wor stall, 2012). Although Iphones are manufactured overseas, most of the prices paid on purchase of these gadgets add value domestically in relation to advertising, profits, retailing and wholesaling, which end up being counted as part of the G.D.P (Agarwal, 2012). The retail price of the new Iphone is estimated to be around six hundred dollars. Out of this money, two hundred dollars is to cover for the importation cost while the